Is Twitter Enough? Investigating Situational Awareness in Social and Print Media during the Second COVID-19 Wave in India

The COVID-19 pandemic required efficient allocation of public resources and transforming existing ways of societal functions. To manage any crisis, governments and public health researchers ex-ploit the information available to them in order to make informed decisions, also defined as situational awareness. Gathering situational awareness using so-cial media, has been functional to manage epidemics. Previous research focused on using discussions during periods of epidemic crises on social media platforms like Twitter, Reddit, or Facebook and developing NLP techniques to filter out important/relevant discussions from a huge corpus of messages and posts. Social media usage varies with internet penetration and other socio-economic factors, which might induce disparity in an-alyzing discussions across different geographies. How-ever, print media is a ubiquitous information source, irrespective of geography. Further, topics discussed in news articles are already 'newsworthy', while on social media 'newsworthiness' is a product of techno-social processes. Developing this fundamental difference, we study Twitter data during the second wave in India focused on six high-population cities with varied macro-economic factors. Through a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods, we further analyze two Indian newspapers during the same period and compare topics from both Twitter and the newspapers to evaluate sit-uational awareness around the second phase of COVID on each of these platforms. We conclude that factors like internet penetration and GDP in a specific city influence the discourse surrounding situational updates on social media. Thus, augmenting information from newspapers to information extracted from social media would provide a more comprehensive perspective in resource-deficit cities © 2022 IEEE.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Techniques of Face-mask Usage and Hand Hygiene among COVID-19 Positive Individuals at a COVID Care Centre in Central India: A Cross-sectional Comparative Study.

Most of the published reports of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) surveys with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic are on healthy population or selective groups. We hypothesised that knowledge gap regarding COVID-appropriate behaviour (face-mask use technique and hand hygiene) was responsible for the spread of COVID-19 infection. The participants of our study were unique in the sense that they were already afflicted with COVID-19 infection before getting enrolled in the study. We conducted an online questionnaire-based survey among the COVID-19 positive patients admitted at the district COVID Care Centre at Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh, India to study the KAP of COVID-appropriate behaviour of individuals already afflicted with COVID-19. Two-hundred COVID-19 positive patients were approached, out of which 175 consented and participated in the survey, a response rate of >85.0%. The average knowledge score was 3.21±1.85 (out of 5). The average attitude score was 9.51±4.94 (out of 35). The average practice score was 12.4 (out of 72). Knowledge, attitude as well as practice scores were higher for the participants who were young (18 to 37 years of age), had higher education (university) and those with higher monthly income (>?10,000 per month). No significant difference was noted in these scores based on gender, and on the place of residence (rural vs. urban). Positive correlation was noted using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for the practice of COVID-appropriate behaviour with higher knowledge and attitude scores. Overall, the KAP scores of our study participants were poor. Low knowledge scores were associated with still lower attitude scores for COVID-appropriate behaviour. The strong positive correlation was noted between knowledge, attitude and practice. The results of this KAP survey suggest the need to improve dissemination of knowledge and suitable modification of messaging strategies to improve attitude as well as practice of COVID-appropriate behaviour among the population.

Discriminating narcolepsy type-2, idiopathic hypersomnia, depression and hypersomnolence in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome

Central disorders of hypersomnolence, including narcolepsy type-1 and type-2 as well as idiopathic hypersomnia, depression and a subtype of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome might be confused when establishing a diagnosis. This diagnostic challenge can be explained by the presence of excessive daytime sleepiness, a clinical symptom that is observed in all four conditions, an overlap in the phenotypic traits of narcolepsy type-2 and idiopathic hypersomnia, as well as the presence of depressive symptoms observed in central disorders of hypersomnolence and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome subtypes. Considering the importance of a valid diagnostic on treatment's efficacy and future interventions, it is essential to define those conditions with precision. In this review, we will discuss the diagnostic criteria, clinical presentation and current state of knowledge with regards to the pathophysiology of central disorders of hypersomnolence and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. We will pay particular attention to the characteristics specific to narcolepsy type-2, idiopathic hypersomnia, depressive episodes with hypersomnolence, and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome with drowsiness. While many studies have assessed the ability of different tools used to diagnose central disorders of hypersomnolence, very few have focused on physiological markers. A better understanding and identification of biomarkers specific to narcolepsy type-1 and type-2, idiopathic hypersomnia and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome will reduce the possibility of misdiagnoses and allow the development of optimal treatment plans. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS

Distinguer la narcolepsie de type 2, l’hypersomnie idiopathique, la dépression et la somnolence dans le syndrome post-COVID-19

Résumé Les syndromes d’hypersomnolence d’origine centrale (c.-à-d. narcolepsie de type-1, narcolepsie de type-2 et hypersomnie idiopathique), la dépression ainsi qu’un sous-type du syndrome post-COVID-19 peuvent être confondus lors de l’établissement d’un diagnostic. Ce défi diagnostique s’explique par un symptôme clinique caractéristique retrouvé dans les quatre conditions, la somnolence diurne excessive, un chevauchement phénotypique considérable entre la narcolepsie de type-2 et l’hypersomnie idiopathique ainsi qu’une symptomatologie dysphorique pouvant être présente autant dans les hypersomnolences centrales que dans un sous-type du syndrome post-COVID-19. Considérant l’importance d’un diagnostic valide sur l’efficacité des traitements et des interventions futures, il est essentiel de définir précisément ces quatre conditions. Dans cette revue, nous reprendrons les critères diagnostiques, les présentations cliniques et les connaissances actuelles en ce qui a trait à la pathophysiologie de ces troubles en portant une attention particulière aux éléments distinctifs de la narcolepsie de type-2, de l’hypersomnie idiopathique, des épisodes dépressifs avec hypersomnolence et du syndrome post-COVID-19 avec somnolence. Bien que de nombreuses études se soient penchées sur les valeurs diagnostiques des différents outils employés dans l’identification des hypersomnolences centrales, très peu de marqueurs physiologiques ont été identifiés. Une meilleure compréhension de ces conditions cliniques pourrait permettre l’identification de marqueurs objectifs spécifiques à chaque condition réduisant ainsi la possibilité d’une erreur diagnostique et optimisant les plans de traitement. Summary Central disorders of hypersomnolence, including narcolepsy type-1 and type-2 as well as idiopathic hypersomnia, depression and a subtype of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome might be confused when establishing a diagnosis. This diagnostic challenge can be explained by the presence of excessive daytime sleepiness, a clinical symptom that is observed in all four conditions, an overlap in the phenotypic traits of narcolepsy type-2 and idiopathic hypersomnia, as well as the presence of depressive symptoms observed in central disorders of hypersomnolence and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome subtypes. Considering the importance of a valid diagnostic on treatment's efficacy and future interventions, it is essential to define those conditions with precision. In this review, we will discuss the diagnostic criteria, clinical presentation and current state of knowledge with regards to the pathophysiology of central disorders of hypersomnolence and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. We will pay particular attention to the characteristics specific to narcolepsy type-2, idiopathic hypersomnia, depressive episodes with hypersomnolence, and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome with drowsiness. While many studies have assessed the ability of different tools used to diagnose central disorders of hypersomnolence, very few have focused on physiological markers. A better understanding and identification of biomarkers specific to narcolepsy type-1 and type-2, idiopathic hypersomnia and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome will reduce the possibility of misdiagnoses and allow the development of optimal treatment plans.

Clinico-demographic profile of covid 19 mortality in a tertiary care centre of Madhya Pradesh

Present study was conducted in ABV Government Medical college, which was the only recognised covid hospital by Government of M.P., with tertiary care facilities in Vidisha district. This study is a record based cross sectional study done to determine various clinico-demographic profile and co-morbidities associated with mortality, among covid 19 patients who died after initiation of treatment in IPD. Mean age affected was 56.64 yrs with slight preponderance of males. Almost 64.22% patient who died were suffering from comorbidities in whom the common were hypertension (11%), diabetes mellitus (9.17%), coronary artery disease (11%), renal involvement (5.5%), obesity (4.58%) and respiratory involvement (8.25%) cases. Common signs and symptoms were fever (92%), cough and cold (90%), dyspnoea (84%), fatigue and myalgia (71%) cases. Oxygen saturation was below 80 mm of Hg in 23.8 % patients and mean duration of hospital stay hospital was 4.0 days. Respiratory support in the form of Bi-pap and C-pap was needed in 17.43% cases and endotracheal intubation was needed in 7.33% cases. Treatment of cardiogenic shock was given in 22.01% cases. © 2022